{"id":1785,"date":"2017-04-04T21:00:31","date_gmt":"2017-04-04T19:00:31","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.mag4web.com\/onload-de\/?p=1785"},"modified":"2023-05-30T10:11:02","modified_gmt":"2023-05-30T08:11:02","slug":"a-question-of-distribution","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/onload.reinhausen.com\/en\/05-2017\/a-question-of-distribution\/","title":{"rendered":"A Question of Distribution"},"content":{"rendered":"
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I<\/span>t\u2019s touch and go every day: Will the volt\u00adage remain sta\u00adble? Or is today the day when it hap\u00adpens? Net\u00adwork oper\u00ada\u00adtors, indus\u00adtri\u00adal con\u00adsumers, ener\u00adgy sup\u00adpli\u00aders and trans\u00adformer man\u00adu\u00adfac\u00adtur\u00aders world\u00adwide are famil\u00adiar with these con\u00adcerns: They are all faced with the chal\u00adlenge of main\u00adtain\u00ading a sta\u00adble volt\u00adage in the pre\u00adcar\u00adi\u00adous\u00adly bal\u00adanced medi\u00adum- and low-volt\u00adage net\u00adworks and of secur\u00ading an opti\u00admal volt\u00adage band\u2014today, and in the future. It all revolves around the ques\u00adtion: What is the role of dis\u00adtri\u00adb\u00adu\u00adtion net\u00adwork trans\u00adform\u00aders in this sit\u00adu\u00ada\u00adtion?
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One thing is clear: every\u00adone wants a sta\u00adble volt\u00adage band. But the caus\u00ades of volt\u00adage prob\u00adlems often dif\u00adfer fun\u00adda\u00admen\u00adtal\u00adly from one coun\u00adtry to the next: On the one hand, sup\u00adpli\u00aders in the high\u00adly devel\u00adoped indus\u00adtri\u00adal coun\u00adtries are strug\u00adgling with the inte\u00adgra\u00adtion of renew\u00adable ener\u00adgies. On the oth\u00ader hand, many eco\u00adnom\u00adi\u00adcal\u00adly weak\u00ader coun\u00adtries are faced with net\u00adworks with a tight short-cir\u00adcuit capac\u00adi\u00adty, long trans\u00admis\u00adsion dis\u00adtances, and volatile con\u00adsumers and gen\u00ader\u00ada\u00adtors.<\/p>\n

CONTROLLING THE VOLTAGE<\/h2>\n

Jorge Lei\u00adva, who is respon\u00adsi\u00adble for research and devel\u00adop\u00adment at the Argen\u00adtinean trans\u00adformer man\u00adu\u00adfac\u00adtur\u00ader TTE in C\u00f3r\u00addo\u00adba, is cur\u00adrent\u00adly inves\u00adti\u00adgat\u00ading how the inte\u00adgra\u00adtion of the new ECOTAP VPD on-load tap-chang\u00ader from Maschi\u00adnen\u00adfab\u00adrik Rein\u00adhausen (MR) influ\u00adences the design of dis\u00adtri\u00adb\u00adu\u00adtion trans\u00adform\u00aders. Togeth\u00ader with his col\u00adleague Pablo Arras\u00adcae\u00adta and a team of engi\u00adneers, he is cur\u00adrent\u00adly devel\u00adop\u00ading a pro\u00adto\u00adtype.<\/p>\n

\u201cWith VRDTs, we can man\u00adage volatile sup\u00adply, load fluc\u00adtu\u00ada\u00adtions, and feed-ins from decen\u00adtral\u00adized gen\u00ader\u00ada\u00adtors.\u201d Jorge Lei\u00adva, TTE, Buenos Aires<\/cite><\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Although ener\u00adgy con\u00adsump\u00adtion is con\u00adtin\u00adu\u00adal\u00adly increas\u00ading in this South Amer\u00adi\u00adcan nation, oper\u00ada\u00adtors are lag\u00adging behind con\u00adsid\u00ader\u00adably with the expan\u00adsion of their net\u00adworks. This results in high volt\u00adage fluc\u00adtu\u00ada\u00adtions, which reg\u00adu\u00adlar\u00adly lead to equip\u00adment dam\u00adage and faults in pro\u00adduc\u00adtion process\u00ades. TTE devel\u00adop\u00ader Lei\u00adva explains: \u201cSince we are also affect\u00aded by the volatile volt\u00adage, we will use the pro\u00adto\u00adtype to sup\u00adply sta\u00adble volt\u00adage to our test facil\u00adi\u00adties for the trans\u00adform\u00aders that are pro\u00adduced on site. This means that, in addi\u00adtion to reg\u00adu\u00adlat\u00aded trans\u00adform\u00aders, we can also demon\u00adstrate reli\u00adable tests to our cus\u00adtomers.\u201d Fran\u00adco Piz\u00adzut\u00adto, Busi\u00adness Devel\u00adop\u00adment Man\u00adag\u00ader at MR, sees the pro\u00adtec\u00adtion of indus\u00adtri\u00adal process\u00ades as an appli\u00adca\u00adtion area with great poten\u00adtial: \u201cVolt\u00adage reg\u00adu\u00adlat\u00aded dis\u00adtri\u00adb\u00adu\u00adtion trans\u00adform\u00aders (VRDTs) with ECOTAP VPD can ben\u00ade\u00adfit all those who oper\u00adate their own dis\u00adtri\u00adb\u00adu\u00adtion net\u00adwork and need to con\u00adtrol sen\u00adsi\u00adtive process\u00ades with volatile medi\u00adum volt\u00adage such as, for exam\u00adple, indus\u00adtri\u00adal com\u00adpa\u00adnies or hos\u00adpi\u00adtals.\u201d<\/p>\n

Although renew\u00adable ener\u00adgies such as solar pow\u00ader or wind farms still play a minor role in Argenti\u00adna, the Min\u00adistry of Ener\u00adgy and Min\u00ading is already gen\u00ader\u00adat\u00ading sig\u00adnif\u00adi\u00adcant momen\u00adtum for growth. This pri\u00admar\u00adi\u00adly con\u00adcerns farms above the ten-megawatt class. TTE devel\u00adop\u00ader Lei\u00adva, how\u00adev\u00ader, is expect\u00ading new net\u00adwork con\u00adnec\u00adtion guide\u00adlines, which will also allow decen\u00adtral\u00adized gen\u00ader\u00ada\u00adtors with small\u00ader pow\u00ader out\u00adputs to con\u00adnect to the net\u00adwork. \u201cIn such an envi\u00adron\u00adment, reg\u00adu\u00adlat\u00aded dis\u00adtri\u00adb\u00adu\u00adtion trans\u00adform\u00aders can per\u00adform to their full poten\u00adtial and man\u00adage the prob\u00adlems of volatile sup\u00adply, load fluc\u00adtu\u00ada\u00adtions, and feed-ins from decen\u00adtral\u00adized gen\u00ader\u00ada\u00adtors.\u201d<\/p>\n

THE END OF THE ONE-WAY STREET<\/h2>\n

The sit\u00adu\u00ada\u00adtion is dif\u00adfer\u00adent in high\u00adly devel\u00adoped indus\u00adtri\u00adal coun\u00adtries, which are already a step ahead in terms of renew\u00adable ener\u00adgies. The chal\u00adlenge for dis\u00adtri\u00adb\u00adu\u00adtion net\u00adworks here has less to do with the large wind and solar farms that are found, for exam\u00adple, in Spain, as these trans\u00adfer the recov\u00adered ener\u00adgy direct\u00adly to the high-volt\u00adage net\u00adworks. Instead, it is the small and extra-small decen\u00adtral\u00adized feed\u00aders at the medi\u00adum- and low-volt\u00adage lev\u00adels which cause par\u00adtic\u00adu\u00adlar prob\u00adlems for sup\u00adpli\u00aders because the dis\u00adtri\u00adb\u00adu\u00adtion net\u00adworks have been designed as one-way streets. In Ger\u00admany, how\u00adev\u00ader, the net\u00adworks are now char\u00adac\u00adter\u00adized by rapid two-way traf\u00adfic, as the Ger\u00adman leg\u00adis\u00adla\u00adture wants at least 80 per\u00adcent of the pow\u00ader sup\u00adply to be cov\u00adered by renew\u00adable ener\u00adgies by 2050 at the lat\u00adest.<\/p>\n

Dis\u00adtri\u00adb\u00adu\u00adtion net\u00adworks were designed as one-way streets, but they are now char\u00adac\u00adter\u00adized by rapid two-way traf\u00adfic. VRDTs ensure a sta\u00adble volt\u00adage band. (\u00a9 SBG)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

In the last few years, gen\u00ader\u00adous sub\u00adsi\u00addies have cre\u00adat\u00aded a boom in wind pow\u00ader, bio\u00adgas and pho\u00adto\u00advolta\u00adic plants (PV) \u2013 with impres\u00adsive fig\u00adures: Over 1.5 mil\u00adlion solar plants now sup\u00adply more than six per\u00adcent of the Ger\u00adman elec\u00adtric\u00adi\u00adty require\u00adment. And the trend is ris\u00ading. Accord\u00ading to the Fraun\u00adhofer Insti\u00adtute for Solar Ener\u00adgy Sys\u00adtems, more than 98 per\u00adcent of the solar pow\u00ader plants in Ger\u00admany are con\u00adnect\u00aded to the region\u00adal decen\u00adtral\u00adized low-volt\u00adage net\u00adwork. In many regions, more elec\u00adtric\u00adi\u00adty is gen\u00ader\u00adat\u00aded than con\u00adsumed on sun\u00adny days. The load flow then turns around and the gen\u00ader\u00ada\u00adtion-dri\u00adven ener\u00adgy recov\u00adery sig\u00adnif\u00adi\u00adcant\u00adly exceeds the orig\u00adi\u00adnal ref\u00ader\u00adence pow\u00ader for a while. The net\u00adworks reach their intake lim\u00adits, and volt\u00adage fluc\u00adtu\u00ada\u00adtions occur.<\/p>\n

How\u00adev\u00ader, large-scale sup\u00adpli\u00aders, such as Ava\u00adcon AG and Bay\u00adern\u00adwerk AG, which belong to the E.ON Group, must guar\u00adan\u00adtee a volt\u00adage band of plus\/minus ten per\u00adcent, while at the same time con\u00adtin\u00adu\u00adal\u00adly con\u00adnect\u00ading addi\u00adtion\u00adal renew\u00adable ener\u00adgy providers. Fran\u00adco Piz\u00adzut\u00adto brings the VRDT into play: \u201cSince 2008, we have been work\u00ading with trans\u00adformer man\u00adu\u00adfac\u00adtur\u00aders and net\u00adwork oper\u00ada\u00adtors to research how to sup\u00adport volt\u00adage band com\u00adpli\u00adance with VRDT. We also focused on the opti\u00admiza\u00adtion of net\u00adwork topolo\u00adgies, and how to reduce or avoid the costs of com\u00adplex net\u00adwork exten\u00adsion mea\u00adsures.\u201d<\/p>\n

SUNSHINE OVER BAVARIA<\/h2>\n

The largest region\u00adal net\u00adwork oper\u00ada\u00adtor in Bavaria, Bay\u00adern\u00adwerk AG, is par\u00adtic\u00adu\u00adlar\u00adly affect\u00aded by the PV boom. On sun\u00adny days, the Bavar\u00adi\u00adan com\u00adpa\u00adny has to accept up to 5,600 megawatts of solar pow\u00ader from more than 255,000 gen\u00ader\u00ada\u00adtors and trans\u00adport it from the coun\u00adtry\u00adside to the cities and oth\u00ader load cen\u00adters via the low\u2011, medium\u2011, and high-volt\u00adage net\u00adworks. Elec\u00adtri\u00adcal engi\u00adneer Sebas\u00adt\u00adian Schmidt is respon\u00adsi\u00adble for research and devel\u00adop\u00adment activ\u00adi\u00adties at Bavaria\u2019s largest large-scale sup\u00adpli\u00ader and explains: \u201cWe have to antic\u00adi\u00adpate such devel\u00adop\u00adments. A clas\u00adsic net\u00adwork expan\u00adsion with new cables and addi\u00adtion\u00adal trans\u00adformer sta\u00adtions takes decades, and is cor\u00adre\u00adspond\u00ading\u00adly cost and labor inten\u00adsive. There\u00adfore, we are always look\u00ading for alter\u00adna\u00adtive ways to opti\u00admize our net\u00adworks.\u201d<\/p>\n

\u201cWe\u2019re always look\u00ading for alter\u00adna\u00adtives to improve our net\u00adworks.\u201dSebas\u00adt\u00adian Schmidt, Bay\u00adern\u00adwerk AG, Bam\u00adberg<\/cite><\/p><\/blockquote>\n

It is this search that led Bay\u00adern\u00adwerk AG straight to MR. Schmidt adds: \u201cMR had already estab\u00adlished itself as a reli\u00adable part\u00adner in the field of high- and medi\u00adum-volt\u00adage tap-chang\u00aders, which have made it pos\u00adsi\u00adble to dynam\u00adi\u00adcal\u00adly adjust the volt\u00adage lev\u00adel, espe\u00adcial\u00adly in medi\u00adum-volt\u00adage net\u00adworks that are char\u00adac\u00adter\u00adized by feed-ins. Togeth\u00ader, we have worked inten\u00adsive\u00adly on the devel\u00adop\u00adment, stan\u00addard\u00adiza\u00adtion, and use of reg\u00adu\u00adlat\u00aded trans\u00adform\u00aders for dis\u00adtri\u00adb\u00adu\u00adtion net\u00adworks with\u00adin the frame\u00adwork of group-wide research projects.\u201d<\/p>\n

ADDITIONAL BANDWIDTHS<\/h2>\n

Bay\u00adern\u00adwerk affil\u00adi\u00adate Ava\u00adcon AG played a lead\u00ading role in the devel\u00adop\u00adment. In addi\u00adtion to the feed-in of solar pow\u00ader, the Ger\u00adman large-scale sup\u00adpli\u00ader, which is locat\u00aded in the north of Ger\u00admany and is one of the country\u2019s largest region\u00adal ener\u00adgy ser\u00advice providers, focus\u00ades on wind ener\u00adgy and bio\u00admass plants. Ste\u00adfan Henssen, who works in the field of dis\u00adtri\u00adb\u00adu\u00adtion net\u00adwork tech\u00adnol\u00ado\u00adgy, reports addi\u00adtion\u00adal prob\u00adlems: \u201cMany wind farms feed direct\u00adly into the medi\u00adum-volt\u00adage net\u00adworks; at the same time, the dis\u00adtri\u00adb\u00adu\u00adtion net\u00adworks are becom\u00ading increas\u00ading\u00adly volatile. There\u00adfore, we have to man\u00adage a fluc\u00adtu\u00adat\u00ading sup\u00adply volt\u00adage. The VRDT is ide\u00adal for this task, as it decou\u00adples the medi\u00adum volt\u00adage from the low volt\u00adage and cre\u00adates addi\u00adtion\u00adal band\u00adwidths.\u201d<\/p>\n

\u201cWith the VRDT, we can sta\u00adbi\u00adlize a fluc\u00adtu\u00adat\u00ading sup\u00adply volt\u00adage.\u201d Ste\u00adfan Henssen, Ava\u00adcon AG, Salzgit\u00adter<\/cite><\/p><\/blockquote>\n

In addi\u00adtion to the tech\u00adni\u00adcal para\u00adme\u00adters, the net\u00adwork plan\u00adners focus pri\u00admar\u00adi\u00adly on invest\u00adment and oper\u00adat\u00ading costs for all net\u00adwork opti\u00admiza\u00adtion mea\u00adsures. Ava\u00adcon tech\u00adni\u00adcian Henssen explains: \u201cIn order to be able to replace unreg\u00adu\u00adlat\u00aded trans\u00adform\u00aders with reg\u00adu\u00adlat\u00aded trans\u00adform\u00aders, we placed spe\u00adcial empha\u00adsis on longevi\u00adty and low main\u00adte\u00adnance costs for the tap-chang\u00ader. The trans\u00adformer foot\u00adprint could not be changed, which means that the VRDT has to fit into the exist\u00ading sta\u00adtions for unreg\u00adu\u00adlat\u00aded trans\u00adform\u00aders for a cost-effec\u00adtive exchange.\u201d (For more infor\u00adma\u00adtion, see the inter\u00adview with trans\u00adformer man\u00adu\u00adfac\u00adtur\u00ader SBG on page 14). The Bay\u00adern\u00adwerk tech\u00adni\u00adcian Schmidt adds: \u201cIt was also impor\u00adtant for us that the tap-chang\u00ader did not cause any addi\u00adtion\u00adal loss\u00ades in the trans\u00adformer.\u201d<\/p>\n

THE NEW STANDARD<\/h2>\n

Ava\u00adcon exper\u00adi\u00adment\u00aded inten\u00adsive\u00adly with the dif\u00adfer\u00adent pos\u00adsi\u00adble uses of the VRDT with\u00adin dis\u00adtri\u00adb\u00adu\u00adtion net\u00adworks. They researched the effects on net\u00adwork sta\u00adbil\u00adi\u00adty, rang\u00ading from selec\u00adtive to large-scale use. Bay\u00adern\u00adwerk devel\u00adop\u00ader Schmidt adds: \u201cWhen used selec\u00adtive\u00adly, the VRDT has the great\u00adest effect on the down\u00adstream low-volt\u00adage net\u00adwork. When used in greater num\u00adbers on a feed\u00ader basis or in large-scale use, the VRDT can also have a pos\u00adi\u00adtive effect on the medi\u00adum-volt\u00adage net\u00adwork.\u201d<\/p>\n

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REINHAUSEN INSIDE<\/h5>\n
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Reg\u00adu\u00adlat\u00aded dis\u00adtri\u00adb\u00adu\u00adtion net\u00adwork trans\u00adform\u00aders<\/strong> keep the volt\u00adage in dis\u00adtri\u00adb\u00adu\u00adtion net\u00adworks sta\u00adble, com\u00adpen\u00adsate for fluc\u00adtu\u00ada\u00adtions in the medi\u00adum volt\u00adage and respond to changes in feed-in and load at the low-volt\u00adage lev\u00adel.<\/p>\n

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The ECOTAP VPD<\/strong> turns rigid dis\u00adtri\u00adb\u00adu\u00adtion trans\u00adform\u00aders into intel\u00adli\u00adgent reg\u00adu\u00adlat\u00ading trans\u00adform\u00aders. The most impor\u00adtant fea\u00adtures of the new tap-chang\u00ader:<\/p>\n