{"id":2892,"date":"2018-06-06T21:10:11","date_gmt":"2018-06-06T19:10:11","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/onload.reinhausen.com\/de\/?p=2892"},"modified":"2023-05-30T17:53:11","modified_gmt":"2023-05-30T15:53:11","slug":"you-cant-change-the-weather","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/onload.reinhausen.com\/en\/07-2018\/you-cant-change-the-weather\/","title":{"rendered":"You Can\u00b4t Change The Weather"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n

A<\/span>bout one-quar\u00adter of elec\u00adtric\u00adi\u00adty gen\u00ader\u00adat\u00aded around the world now comes from renew\u00adable ener\u00adgy sources. This was the find\u00ading of the Glob\u00adal Sta\u00adtus Report 2017 from the Renew\u00adable Ener\u00adgy Pol\u00adi\u00adcy Net\u00adwork for the 21st Cen\u00adtu\u00adry, which also cal\u00adcu\u00adlat\u00aded that the total out\u00adput of renew\u00adable ener\u00adgy sources in 2016 amount\u00aded to more than 2,017 gigawatts (GW) of elec\u00adtric\u00adi\u00adty. That\u2019s over 20 per\u00adcent of glob\u00adal total ener\u00adgy con\u00adsump\u00adtion. And this fig\u00adure is grow\u00ading.<\/p>\n\n

In inter\u00adna\u00adtion\u00adal com\u00adpar\u00adisons, Ger\u00admany is far ahead in the areas of wind and solar ener\u00adgy, although its mar\u00adket is in a state of flux. Mean\u00adwhile, many Asian coun\u00adtries and nations bor\u00adder\u00ading the Per\u00adsian Gulf and the Sahara are start\u00ading to fol\u00adlow its lead. Tai\u00adwan and South Korea, for exam\u00adple, have decid\u00aded to phase out nuclear ener\u00adgy and instead want to expand their wind and solar out\u00adput. Coun\u00adtries which have pre\u00advi\u00adous\u00adly relied on oil are start\u00ading to dis\u00adcov\u00ader their nat\u00adur\u00adal ener\u00adgy sources as well.<\/p>\n

After the Unit\u00aded Arab Emi\u00adrates recent\u00adly announced their inten\u00adtion to invest 163 bil\u00adlion dol\u00adlars in pro\u00adduc\u00ading green pow\u00ader, Sau\u00addi Ara\u00adbia began fol\u00adlow\u00ading suit and is now plan\u00adning to con\u00adstruct new solar ener\u00adgy instal\u00adla\u00adtions with an out\u00adput in excess of 10 GW. The king\u00addom is look\u00ading to invest between 30 and 50 bil\u00adlion dol\u00adlars in the project. On the oth\u00ader side of the Sahara, Moroc\u00adco is sys\u00adtem\u00adat\u00adi\u00adcal\u00adly expand\u00ading its wind and solar ener\u00adgy land\u00adscape and is cur\u00adrent\u00adly com\u00admis\u00adsion\u00ading phase two of Noor\u2014a 350-megawatt solar project. For engi\u00adneers and oper\u00ada\u00adtors of wind and solar pow\u00ader sta\u00adtions, this means that things are def\u00adi\u00adnite\u00adly look\u00ading up.<\/p>\n

KEEPING THE GRIDS RUNNING SMOOTHLY<\/h2>\n

Solar and wind ener\u00adgy sources are gen\u00ader\u00adal\u00adly con\u00adsid\u00adered clean, but these cre\u00adden\u00adtials can only be applied to CO2 emis\u00adsions and not to the grids that are being sup\u00adplied by renew\u00adables. Fun\u00adda\u00admen\u00adtal\u00adly, it makes no dif\u00adfer\u00adence whether the elec\u00adtric\u00adi\u00adty from a sin\u00adgle wind tur\u00adbine is fed into a local grid or if a wind or solar plant feeds pow\u00ader into medi\u00adum, high, or extra-high volt\u00adage grids. Mul\u00adti\u00adple instances of feed\u00adback effects occur at all lev\u00adels when renew\u00adable ener\u00adgies are fed into the grid.<\/p>\n

Reduc\u00ading har\u00admon\u00adic cur\u00adrents that are pro\u00adduced by renew\u00adable ener\u00adgies. Pas\u00adsive fil\u00adters with wide-band effect, active fil\u00adters with selec\u00adtive action.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Keep\u00ading things run\u00adning smooth\u00adly requires sig\u00adnif\u00adi\u00adcant tech\u00adno\u00adlog\u00adi\u00adcal and finan\u00adcial invest\u00adment, and one of the key fac\u00adtors that has to be considered\u2014even at the design stage\u2014is oper\u00adat\u00ading the sys\u00adtems with\u00adin the volt\u00adage range of the applic\u00ada\u00adble grid con\u00adnec\u00adtion point. It is also essen\u00adtial to keep an open mind to all the tech\u00adni\u00adcal options that are avail\u00adable, as this is the only way to cre\u00adate an over\u00adall solu\u00adtion that deliv\u00aders the very best pos\u00adsi\u00adble per\u00adfor\u00admance, and con\u00adsis\u00adtent\u00adly opti\u00admizes the lev\u00adelized cost of ener\u00adgy (LCOE). Putting togeth\u00ader an intel\u00adli\u00adgent com\u00adbi\u00adna\u00adtion of equip\u00adment is the key to devel\u00adop\u00ading an ide\u00adal solu\u00adtion for all volt\u00adage lev\u00adels.<\/p>\n

ACTIVE AND PASSIVE FILTERS OPTIMIZE COSTS<\/h2>\n

The sup\u00adply of ener\u00adgy from wind and solar pow\u00ader sta\u00adtions cre\u00adates a greater amount of dis\u00adtur\u00adbance in pub\u00adlic elec\u00adtric\u00adi\u00adty grids. This includes volt\u00adage fluc\u00adtu\u00ada\u00adtions, reac\u00adtive pow\u00ader, har\u00admon\u00adics, supra\u00adhar\u00admon\u00adics, and res\u00ado\u00adnance. In some cas\u00ades, reac\u00adtive pow\u00ader com\u00adpen\u00adsa\u00adtion sys\u00adtems or pas\u00adsive fil\u00adters alone are not enough to solve this issue, even if they may have been in the past. New ways of think\u00ading are required, par\u00adtic\u00adu\u00adlar\u00adly in the face of con\u00adstant\u00adly chang\u00ading grid con\u00adnec\u00adtion guide\u00adlines. The only way for engi\u00adneers and oper\u00ada\u00adtors to devel\u00adop the ide\u00adal solu\u00adtion is to com\u00adbine dif\u00adfer\u00adent options.<\/p>\n

Hybrid sys\u00adtems, cre\u00adat\u00aded by com\u00adbin\u00ading active and pas\u00adsive fil\u00adters, deliv\u00ader fea\u00adtures such as a com\u00adpre\u00adhen\u00adsive fil\u00adter effect and reac\u00adtive pow\u00ader com\u00adpen\u00adsa\u00adtion at the grid con\u00adnec\u00adtion point of wind and solar pow\u00ader instal\u00adla\u00adtions. The pas\u00adsive fil\u00adters oper\u00adate over an exten\u00adsive range, reach\u00ading supra\u00adhar\u00admon\u00adic fre\u00adquen\u00adcies. Active fil\u00adters selec\u00adtive\u00adly reduce har\u00admon\u00adics in the low-fre\u00adquen\u00adcy range.<\/p>\n

Pas\u00adsive fil\u00adters com\u00adbine a capac\u00adi\u00adtor with induc\u00adtance. They can have a pos\u00adi\u00adtive impact on line imped\u00adance and reduce har\u00admon\u00adic com\u00adpo\u00adnents in the grid. In addi\u00adtion, pas\u00adsive fil\u00adters pro\u00advide a fixed lev\u00adel of capac\u00adi\u00adtive reac\u00adtive pow\u00ader and can have a range of dimen\u00adsions to suit the require\u00adments of each appli\u00adca\u00adtion.<\/p>\n

\n
<\/div>

Com\u00adpen\u00adsa\u00adtion for reac\u00adtive pow\u00ader of renew\u00adable sources. Pas\u00adsive fil\u00adters with stepped rough com\u00adpen\u00adsa\u00adtion (gray and black), active fil\u00adter with dynam\u00adic fine com\u00adpen\u00adsa\u00adtion (yel\u00adlow).<\/p><\/div>\n

<\/div>

Reg\u00adu\u00adlat\u00aded trans\u00adform\u00aders nar\u00adrow the volt\u00adage band from 0.33 PU to 0.04 PU. This enables the LCOE to be reduced sig\u00adnif\u00adi\u00adcant\u00adly dur\u00ading the process of design\u00ading a rec\u00adti\u00adfi\u00ader trans\u00adformer.<\/p><\/div>\n<\/div>\n

Active fil\u00adters are based on pow\u00ader elec\u00adtron\u00adic IGBT tech\u00adnol\u00ado\u00adgy and are increas\u00ading\u00adly being used to reduce grid feed\u00adback effects and improve volt\u00adage qual\u00adi\u00adty, par\u00adtic\u00adu\u00adlar\u00adly in indus\u00adtri\u00adal grids. The sup\u00adplied com\u00adpen\u00adsa\u00adtion cur\u00adrent in phase oppo\u00adsi\u00adtion to the dis\u00adtur\u00adbance smooth\u00adly reduces har\u00admon\u00adics and reac\u00adtive pow\u00ader with high dynam\u00adics. In addi\u00adtion, the right sys\u00adtems can pro\u00advide com\u00adpen\u00adsa\u00adtion for asym\u00admet\u00adri\u00adcal loads and flick\u00ader. Anoth\u00ader impor\u00adtant con\u00adsid\u00ader\u00ada\u00adtion is the abil\u00adi\u00adty to extend sys\u00adtems on a mod\u00adu\u00adlar basis. If new wind tur\u00adbines are built or the pro\u00adduc\u00adtion process and dis\u00adtur\u00adbance con\u00addi\u00adtions change, for exam\u00adple, oper\u00ada\u00adtors can respond quick\u00adly to the new sit\u00adu\u00ada\u00adtion by installing addi\u00adtion\u00adal fil\u00adter mod\u00adules.<\/p>\n

The ide\u00adal dimen\u00adsions of the com\u00adbined fil\u00adters and com\u00adpen\u00adsa\u00adtion sys\u00adtems are deter\u00admined by spe\u00adcial\u00adists who con\u00adduct exten\u00adsive sim\u00adu\u00adla\u00adtion stud\u00adies as ear\u00adly as the design stage or mea\u00adsure the volt\u00adage qual\u00adi\u00adty dur\u00ading oper\u00ada\u00adtion. This makes it pos\u00adsi\u00adble to ful\u00adfill the applic\u00ada\u00adble stan\u00addards and suc\u00adcess\u00adful\u00adly achieve the nec\u00ades\u00adsary cer\u00adti\u00adfi\u00adca\u00adtions. Anoth\u00ader area where the over\u00adall design of wind and solar sys\u00adtems can be opti\u00admized by com\u00adbin\u00ading equip\u00adment is the dimen\u00adsion\u00ading of rec\u00adti\u00adfi\u00ader trans\u00adform\u00aders.<\/p>\n

Since the semi\u00adcon\u00adduc\u00adtor mod\u00adules have a fixed cur\u00adrent-car\u00adry\u00ading capac\u00adi\u00adty, there are lim\u00adits on the pow\u00ader that can be trans\u00admit\u00adted at the net\u00adwork node in ques\u00adtion. In such cas\u00ades, dimen\u00adsion\u00ading is pri\u00admar\u00adi\u00adly depen\u00addent on the width of the volt\u00adage band in the input range of the AC volt\u00adage. This is where the trans\u00adformer with tap chang\u00ader comes into play.<\/p>\n

KEEPING COSTS DOWN<\/h2>\n

The trans\u00adformer with tap chang\u00ader offers a sig\u00adnif\u00adi\u00adcant\u00adly small\u00ader input volt\u00adage range at the AC side of the rec\u00adti\u00adfi\u00ader trans\u00adformer. Equipped with an on-load tap-chang\u00ader, it helps the com\u00adpa\u00adny that is using it to get the best out of its rec\u00adti\u00adfi\u00ader trans\u00adform\u00aders. Ohmic loss\u00ades in the grid are min\u00adi\u00admized. The nar\u00adrow\u00ader volt\u00adage band increas\u00ades the amount of rec\u00adti\u00adfi\u00ader trans\u00adformer pow\u00ader that can be trans mit\u00adted. Con\u00adverse\u00adly, this means that if con\u00adtrol tech\u00adnol\u00ado\u00adgy is used con\u00adsis\u00adtent\u00adly across all volt\u00adage lev\u00adels, then engi\u00adneers can reduce the size of all rec\u00adti\u00adfi\u00ader trans\u00adform\u00aders accord\u00ading\u00adly. Reduc\u00ading the LCOE is the name of the game. Com\u00adbin\u00ading reg\u00adu\u00adlat\u00aded trans\u00adform\u00aders and rec\u00adti\u00adfi\u00ader trans\u00adform\u00aders, as well as active and wide-band pas\u00adsive fil\u00adters, brings engi\u00adneers of solar and wind pow\u00ader instal\u00adla\u00adtions one step clos\u00ader to their main goal: to cre\u00adate sys\u00adtems with max\u00adi\u00admum finan\u00adcial yield by min\u00adi\u00admiz\u00ading invest\u00adment costs and, at the same time, max\u00adi\u00admiz\u00ading sys\u00adtem performance\u2014at all volt\u00adage lev\u00adels.<\/p>\n

\n

YOUR PERSONAL CONTACT<\/h2>\n


\nDo you have any ques\u00adtions about active and pas\u00adsive fil\u00adters? <\/strong>
\nTobias Funk is here to help:
\n<\/i> t.funk@reinhausen.com<\/a><\/p>\n


\nDo you have any ques\u00adtions about tap chang\u00aders? <\/strong>
\nFran\u00adco Piz\u00adzut\u00adto is here to help:
\n<\/i> f.pizzutto@reinhausen.com<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Some\u00adtimes the sun shines, and some\u00adtimes it doesn\u2019t. Some\u00adtimes it\u2019s blow\u00ading a gale, and oth\u00ader times it\u2019s per\u00adfect\u00adly calm. Using renew\u00adable ener\u00adgies to sup\u00adply grids pos\u00ades chal\u00adlenges for plant engi\u00adneers. But even if sup\u00adplies are inter\u00admit\u00adtent, an intel\u00adli\u00adgent com\u00adbi\u00adna\u00adtion of equip\u00adment can keep things on track.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":27,"featured_media":2965,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"wp_typography_post_enhancements_disabled":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[4],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2892","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-07-2018"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/onload.reinhausen.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2892","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/onload.reinhausen.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/onload.reinhausen.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/onload.reinhausen.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/27"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/onload.reinhausen.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2892"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/onload.reinhausen.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2892\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":8425,"href":"https:\/\/onload.reinhausen.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2892\/revisions\/8425"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/onload.reinhausen.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/2965"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/onload.reinhausen.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2892"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/onload.reinhausen.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2892"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/onload.reinhausen.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2892"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}