{"id":5835,"date":"2020-12-10T21:15:01","date_gmt":"2020-12-10T20:15:01","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/onload.reinhausen.com\/de\/?p=5835"},"modified":"2020-12-10T21:15:01","modified_gmt":"2020-12-10T20:15:01","slug":"we-need-stable-and-flexible-grids","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/onload.reinhausen.com\/en\/12-2020\/we-need-stable-and-flexible-grids\/","title":{"rendered":"\u201cWe Need Stable and Flexible Grids!\u201d"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n

I<\/span>ndia has made tremen\u00addous strides in elec\u00adtri\u00adfi\u00adca\u00adtion in recent years. At the turn of the mil\u00adlen\u00adni\u00adum, around 700 mil\u00adlion peo\u00adple still had no access to elec\u00adtric\u00adi\u00adty. This changed thanks to a mas\u00adsive state-run con\u00adstruc\u00adtion pro\u00adgram. How\u00adev\u00ader, pow\u00ader fail\u00adures are still a dai\u00adly occur\u00adrence, in some areas elec\u00adtric\u00adi\u00adty is avail\u00adable for just a few hours each day, and the pop\u00adu\u00adla\u00adtion is grow\u00ading so quick\u00adly that grid expan\u00adsion is falling behind demand. In short, the ener\u00adgy hunger of this coun\u00adtry of 1.3 bil\u00adlion has still not been sat\u00adis\u00adfied. The IEA assumes that the elec\u00adtric\u00adi\u00adty needs of the sub\u00adcon\u00adti\u00adnent will triple by 2040.<\/p>\n

Cur\u00adrent\u00adly, India is the third-largest pro\u00adduc\u00ader of elec\u00adtric\u00adi\u00adty in the world, after Chi\u00adna and the US. Coal is still the num\u00adber 1 ener\u00adgy source there, with a share of more than 50 per\u00adcent. But things are chang\u00ading in the ener\u00adgy mix. At the Paris Cli\u00admate Change Con\u00adfer\u00adence in 2015, Prime Min\u00adis\u00adter Naren\u00addra Modi announced the inten\u00adtion to increase the installed con\u00adtri\u00adbu\u00adtion of renew-able ener\u00adgies to 175 gigawatts by 2022. How\u00adev\u00ader, this also requires grids to con\u00adnect the cen\u00adters of gen\u00ader\u00ada\u00adtion and con\u00adsump\u00adtion.<\/p>\n

A major\u00adi\u00adty of renew\u00adable ener\u00adgy comes from solar and wind \u2014 from indi\u00advid\u00adual pan\u00adels on a house roof to large, mul\u00adti- hectare solar and off-shore wind parks. In this sun-soaked coun\u00adtry, solar pow\u00ader can now be pro\u00adduced much more cheap ly than con\u00adven\u00adtion\u00adal or nuclear pow\u00ader. How ever, what is good for the envi\u00adron\u00adment does not always work with the exist ing grids.<\/p>\n

That is why, in a study with the Indi\u00adan Insti\u00adtute of Tech\u00adnol\u00ado\u00adgy Madras (IITM), Rein\u00adhausen is inves\u00adti\u00adgat ing how the grids can be pre\u00adpared for the upcom ing tasks giv\u00aden the assump\u00adtion that all of today\u2019s plans will soon be made obso\u00adlete by the growth of tomor\u00adrow. We asked Ajay Nilakan\u00adtan, tap-chang\u00ader busi\u00adness devel\u00adop\u00ader at Rein\u00adhausen, and Pro\u00adfes\u00adsor Dr. K. Shan\u00adti Swarup, Depart\u00adment of Elec\u00adtri\u00adcal Engi\u00adneer\u00ading from IITM about the most impor\u00adtant find\u00adings.
\n<\/p>\n

What challenges is India\u2019s power grid currently facing?<\/h3>\n

PROF. DR. K. SHANTI SWARUP:<\/span> The Indi\u00adan pow\u00ader grid must become ever more reli\u00adable and resilient, on the one hand, while also respond\u00ading flex\u00adi\u00adbly to con\u00adstant\u00adly chang\u00ading require\u00adments. We cur\u00adrent\u00adly have to ensure sta\u00adbil\u00adi\u00adty for the volt\u00adage in the trans\u00admis\u00adsion grid. At the same time, bidi\u00adrec\u00adtion\u00adal load flows are caused by gen\u00ader\u00ada\u00adtion with dis\u00adtrib\u00aduted renew able ener\u00adgies.<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\u201cThe Indi\u00adan grid must become more reli\u00adable and respond flex\u00adi\u00adbly to con\u00adstant\u00adly chang\u00ading require\u00adments.\u201dProf. Dr. K. Shan\u00adti Swarup of the Indi\u00adan Insti\u00adtute of Tech\u00adnol\u00ado\u00adgy Madras (IITM)<\/cite><\/p><\/blockquote>\n

What\u2019s more, the trans\u00admis\u00adsion com\u00adpa\u00adnies have less direct influ\u00adence on the gen\u00ader\u00ada\u00adtion units\u2014in regard to both access points and types of oper\u00ada\u00adtion. There\u00adfore, the grid requires solu\u00adtions that enable coor\u00addi\u00adnat\u00aded oper\u00ada\u00adtion, flex\u00adi\u00adble and dynam\u00adic con\u00adtrol, opti\u00admal usage of the pow\u00ader pro\u00adduced, min\u00adi\u00admal loss\u00ades and low foot\u00adprint.<\/p>\n

How do these problems manifest?<\/h3>\n

PROF. SWARUP:<\/span> That is a very com\u00adplex sit\u00adu\u00ada\u00adtion. Every method for cre\u00adat\u00ading flex\u00adi\u00adbil\u00adi\u00adty in grid oper\u00ada\u00adtion increas\u00ades the demand for reac\u00adtive pow\u00ader. Reac\u00adtive pow\u00ader can be pro\u00advid\u00aded not only in an inter\u00adstate trans\u00admis\u00adsion grid, but also in a region\u00adal high-volt\u00adage grid or even a pri\u00adma\u00adry dis\u00adtri\u00adb\u00adu\u00adtion grid.<\/p>\n

Then we also have to deal with dynam\u00adic volt\u00adage fluc\u00adtu\u00ada\u00adtions due to the increased volatil\u00adi\u00adty in ener\u00adgy gen era\u00adtion. This also increas\u00ades the risk of over\u00adload\u00ading cer\u00adtain lines, which in turn leads to them dis\u00adcon\u00adnect\u00ading and there\u00adfore to unwant\u00aded pow\u00ader out\u00adages. And with regard to solar farms, the installed pow\u00ader may be high, but there is some\u00adtimes not enough line capac\u00adi\u00adty to trans\u00admit it.<\/p>\n

Are there solutions for this?<\/h3>\n

AJAY NILAKANTAN:<\/span> We have three approach\u00ades here, in prin\u00adci\u00adple: The first is coor\u00addi\u00adnat\u00aded switch\u00ading of OLTCs in trans\u00adform\u00aders; the sec\u00adond is dynam\u00adic reac\u00adtive-pow\u00ader compensation\u2014regulated shunt reac\u00adtors are an eco\u00adnom\u00adi\u00adcal solu\u00adtion for this\u2014and the third is the tar\u00adget\u00aded use of phase-shift\u00ading trans\u00adform\u00aders (PST), which active\u00adly con\u00adtrol the pow\u00ader flow between grids or grid seg\u00adments. In the study, we exam\u00adined how these three approach\u00ades work.<\/p>\n

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\n

REINHAUSEN INSIDE<\/h2>\n

Rein\u00adhausen offers an inno\u00adv\u00ada\u00adtive port\u00adfo\u00adlio for phase-shifter trans\u00adform\u00aders and shunt reac\u00adtors. It includes on-load tap-chang\u00aders such as the VACUTAP\u00ae VR\u00ae and com\u00adpo\u00adnents such as volt\u00adage reg\u00adu\u00adla\u00adtors and sen\u00adsors. More info at:www.reinhausen.com\/phaseshifter<\/a> und www.reinhausen.com\/shuntreactors<\/a><\/p>\n

\n

Click to learn more<\/strong><\/p>\n

In the video, we show you the webi\u00adnar on the top\u00adic \u201cPhase shifter trans\u00adform\u00aders \u2014 Opti\u00admiz\u00ading the trans\u00admis\u00adsion grid infra\u00adstruc\u00adture\u201d<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

How did you proceed in the study?<\/h3>\n

PROF. SWARUP:<\/span> We con\u00adcen\u00adtrat\u00aded on the effects on the volt\u00adage pro\u00adfile of inte\u00adgrat\u00ading renew\u00adable ener\u00adgies, and on load-flow reg\u00adu\u00adla\u00adtion in select\u00aded grid sec\u00adtions over a peri\u00adod of five to sev\u00aden years. For this pur\u00adpose, we ana\u00adlyzed the trans\u00admis\u00adsion grid in a five-state area and used spe\u00adcial soft\u00adware to car\u00adry out mod\u00adel cal\u00adcu\u00adla\u00adtions and sim\u00adu\u00adla\u00adtions for var\u00adi\u00adous oper\u00adat\u00ading con\u00addi\u00adtions. In oth\u00ader words, we sim\u00adu\u00adlat\u00aded how the five grids behaved over time with lit\u00adtle or no renew\u00adable sources, and how they man\u00adaged with a very high pro\u00adpor\u00adtion of them.<\/p>\n

What are the most important findings?<\/h3>\n

NILAKANTAN: <\/span>Inter\u00adest\u00ading\u00adly, we found that just the opti\u00admized use of exist\u00ading equip\u00adment in com\u00adbi\u00adna\u00adtion with phase-shift\u00ading trans\u00adform\u00aders or dynam\u00adic shunt reac\u00adtors (vari\u00adable shunt reactor\u2014VSR) can help cre\u00adate flex\u00adi\u00adbil\u00adi\u00adty in the grids and increase reserves in the exist\u00ading grid. Even bet\u00adter coor\u00addi\u00adna\u00adtion of the rel\u00ade\u00advant trans\u00adform\u00aders in pri\u00adma\u00adry sub\u00adsta\u00adtions alone leads to low\u00ader grid loss\u00ades. This is an impor\u00adtant finding\u2014because grid expan\u00adsion should also remain eco\u00adnom\u00adi\u00adcal.<\/p>\n

So, would phase-shifter transformers be crucial in creating flexibility in Indian grids?<\/h3>\n

PROF. SWARUP:<\/span> Yes. We are look\u00ading to Europe, in par\u00adtic\u00adu\u00adlar, where phase-shift\u00ading trans\u00adform\u00aders have a long tra\u00addi\u00adtion in the inter\u00adcon\u00adnect\u00aded grid sys\u00adtem (ENTSO\u2011E). In India, we can learn how the pow\u00ader flow can be con\u00adtrolled effec\u00adtive\u00adly between con\u00adtrol zones and dif\u00adfer\u00adent volt\u00adage lev\u00adels. How\u00adev\u00ader, thus far, we have only one phase-shift\u00ading trans\u00adformer in all of India, in the Koth\u00adagu\u00addem ther\u00admal pow\u00ader plant in the state of Telan\u00adgana. It coor\u00addi\u00adnates the exist\u00ading 220-kilo\u00advolt lines there. With 40,000 prob\u00adlem-free switch\u00ading oper\u00ada\u00adtions in four years, the expe\u00adri\u00adences so far have been very promis\u00ading.<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\u201cIndia can try to do things dif\u00adfer\u00adent\u00adly than Europe.\u201dAjay Nilakan\u00adtan, Man\u00adag\u00ader Busi\u00adness Devel\u00adop\u00adment at MR<\/cite><\/p><\/blockquote>\n

NILAKANTAN:<\/span> But India can also try to do things dif\u00adfer\u00adent\u00adly than Europe. There, for reg\u00adu\u00adla\u00adto\u00adry rea\u00adsons, phase shifters are usu\u00adal\u00adly locat\u00aded on nation\u00adal bor\u00adders. From the view of net\u00adwork topol\u00ado\u00adgy, that is not always the best place. India has the advan\u00adtage of being able to posi\u00adtion phase shifters exact\u00adly where they will opti\u00admize the load f low between large renew\u00adable-ener\u00adgy gen\u00ader\u00adat\u00ading units and load cen\u00adters.<\/p>\n

What should operators be aware of if they want to use phase-shifter transformers?<\/h3>\n

NILAKANTAN:<\/span> Phase-shift\u00ading trans\u00adform\u00aders must always be adapt\u00aded to the indi\u00advid\u00adual grid con\u00addi\u00adtions. The phys\u00adi\u00adcal require\u00adments for the equip\u00adment are a result of these con\u00addi\u00adtions. In addi\u00adtion to typ\u00adi\u00adcal vari\u00adables like nom\u00adi\u00adnal volt\u00adage, phase angle and short-cir\u00adcuit capac\u00adi\u00adty, the oper\u00adat\u00ading schemes as well as logis\u00adti\u00adcal aspects such as trans\u00adport also play an impor\u00adtant role.<\/p>\n

The design of the nec\u00ades\u00adsary tap chang\u00aders is an impor\u00adtant as-pect in ensur\u00ading func\u00adtion\u00adal\u00adi\u00adty in grid oper\u00ada\u00adtion. The tap chang\u00ader influ\u00adences the design of the active part of the trans\u00adformer, and vice ver\u00adsa. In this kind of elec\u00adtric util\u00adi\u00adty, close com\u00admu\u00adni\u00adca\u00adtion between the grid oper\u00ada\u00adtor, trans\u00adformer man\u00adu\u00adfac\u00adtur\u00ader and tap-chang\u00ader man\u00adu\u00adfac\u00adtur\u00ader is indis\u00adpens\u00adable.<\/p>\n

What can grid operators learn from this study?<\/h3>\n

PROF. SWARUP:<\/span> For devel\u00adop\u00ading coun\u00adtries with large growth, it offers insights into how the par\u00adties respon\u00adsi\u00adble for the set\u00adup, expan\u00adsion and oper\u00ada\u00adtion of grids can opti\u00admize costs through\u00adout the life cycle of equip\u00adment through intel\u00adli\u00adgent plan\u00adning. For indus\u00adtri\u00adal\u00adized nations with a lot of aging infra\u00adstruc\u00adture, the study also pro\u00advides insight into asset man\u00adage\u00adment and enhanc\u00ading the life of the trans\u00adformer beyond its present capac\u00adi\u00adty through tar\u00adget\u00aded invest\u00adment in new equip\u00adment.<\/p>\n

\n
\n

\u00ad<\/p>\n

MUMBAI EXAMPLE<\/h5>\n
\n

With a pop\u00adu\u00adla\u00adtion of 12.5 mil\u00adlion res\u00adi\u00addents, Mum\u00adbai is the largest city in India. When con\u00adsid\u00adered togeth\u00ader with the agglom\u00ader\u00ada\u00adtion area, it is the sixth largest met\u00adro\u00adpol\u00adi\u00adtan region in the world. Ener\u00adgy provider Adani Elec\u00adtric\u00adi\u00adty Mum\u00adbai Lim\u00adit\u00aded explains why dynam\u00adic vari\u00adable shunt reac\u00adtors (VSRs) are impor\u00adtant in secur\u00ading the pow\u00ader sup\u00adply of this megac\u00adi\u00adty:<\/p>\n

\u201cIn a city like Mum\u00adbai, qual\u00adi\u00adty of pow\u00ader sup\u00adply is crit\u00adi\u00adcal con\u00adsid\u00ader\u00ading the type of loads con\u00adnect\u00aded to the trans\u00admis\u00adsion sys\u00adtem. One of the impor\u00adtant cri\u00adte\u00adria is that volt\u00adage remains in the allow\u00adable band. Con\u00adsid\u00ader\u00ading the large exist\u00ading and pro\u00adposed 220 kV cable net\u00adwork, large volt\u00adage vari\u00ada\u00adtion could be wit\u00adnessed due to con\u00adtri\u00adbu\u00adtion of the sig\u00adnif\u00adi\u00adcant capac\u00adi\u00adtance effect of EHV cables. We there\u00adfore planned to install a vari\u00adable shunt reac\u00adtor in the net\u00adwork as it pro\u00advides the flex\u00adi\u00adbil\u00adi\u00adty to main\u00adtain the 220 kV volt\u00adage pro\u00adfile by fine con\u00adtrol of the shunt reac\u00adtor with the OLTC and avoid\u00ading fre\u00adquent switch\u00ading of the 220 kV reac\u00adtor.\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

\n

YOUR CONTACT PERSON<\/h2>\n

Do you have more ques\u00adtions?<\/strong>
\nThen please con\u00adtact Ajay Nilakan\u00adtan:
\n<\/i> A.Nilakantan@reinhausen.com<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

India is fac\u00ading tremen\u00addous chal\u00adlenges in rur\u00adal elec\u00adtri\u00adfi\u00adca\u00adtion. What should grids there look like in the future? One study pro\u00advides insight. <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":27,"featured_media":6308,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"wp_typography_post_enhancements_disabled":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[9],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-5835","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-12-2020"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/onload.reinhausen.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5835","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/onload.reinhausen.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/onload.reinhausen.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/onload.reinhausen.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/27"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/onload.reinhausen.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=5835"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/onload.reinhausen.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5835\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/onload.reinhausen.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/6308"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/onload.reinhausen.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=5835"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/onload.reinhausen.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=5835"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/onload.reinhausen.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=5835"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}