{"id":6499,"date":"2021-08-04T17:30:28","date_gmt":"2021-08-04T15:30:28","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/onload.reinhausen.com\/de\/?p=6499"},"modified":"2021-08-04T17:30:28","modified_gmt":"2021-08-04T15:30:28","slug":"our-fight-against-the-climate-killer","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/onload.reinhausen.com\/en\/06-2021\/our-fight-against-the-climate-killer\/","title":{"rendered":"Our Fight Against The Climate Killer"},"content":{"rendered":"\n
T<\/span>o slow the rate of cli\u00admate change, sup\u00adpli\u00aders, grid oper\u00ada\u00adtors, and grid plan\u00adners world\u00adwide must make mas\u00adsive efforts to sub\u00adsti\u00adtute fos\u00adsil fuels with renew\u00adables. Depend\u00ading on the cir\u00adcum\u00adstances, grids will need to trans\u00adport about 50% more elec\u00adtric\u00adi\u00adty by 2040, amount\u00ading to a range between 38,000 and 41,000 TWh (see ONLOAD 07). How\u00adev\u00ader, the ener\u00adgy tran\u00adsi\u00adtion chal\u00adlenge can only be met if all major con\u00adsumers work toward the same goal.<\/p>\n
22 %<\/big><\/strong><\/h3>\n
of global CO 2 emissions are caused by the production of steel (10%), aluminum (4%), and cement (8%) alone. If climate change is to be stopped, we urgently need to change how we produce raw materials.<\/h3>\n
\nAccord\u00ading to grid spe\u00adcial\u00adist Dr Stephan Rupp, Busi\u00adness Devel\u00adop\u00adment Man\u00adag\u00ader for Pow\u00ader Elec\u00adtron\u00adics at Rein\u00adhausen and pro\u00adfes\u00adsor at the Cen\u00adter for Advanced Stud\u00adies at the Baden-W\u00fcrt\u00adtem\u00adberg Coop\u00ader\u00ada\u00adtive State Uni\u00adver\u00adsi\u00adty, three indus\u00adtries are par\u00adtic\u00adu\u00adlar\u00adly affect\u00aded by this change: \u201cThe ener\u00adgy-inten\u00adsive pro\u00adduc\u00adtion of steel, alu\u00adminum, and cement releas\u00ades more than eight bil\u00adlion met\u00adric tons of CO2every year. This accounts for a total of more than 22 per\u00adcent of glob\u00adal emis\u00adsions of what is effec\u00adtive\u00adly a cli\u00admate killer. The next few years will see a sweep\u00ading rev\u00ado\u00adlu\u00adtion in this \ufb01eld which will have dras\u00adtic effects on pow\u00ader grids.\u201d<\/p>\n
UP TO 95 PERCENT LESS CO2<\/h2>\n
At 3.5 bil\u00adlion met\u00adric tons of CO2, steel pro\u00adduc\u00adtion alone is respon\u00adsi\u00adble for around ten per\u00adcent of total annu\u00adal emis\u00adsions. \u201cIn addi\u00adtion to the pres\u00adsure to dras\u00adti\u00adcal\u00adly reduce car\u00adbon diox\u00adide emis\u00adsions, pos\u00adsi\u00adble raw mate\u00adr\u00adi\u00adal short\u00adages are also forc\u00ading the indus\u00adtry to rethink its strate\u00adgies,\u201d Stephan Rupp reports. \u201cIf pro\u00adduc\u00adtion lev\u00adels were to remain at the cur\u00adrent \ufb01gures, glob\u00adal sup\u00adplies of iron ore could be exhaust\u00aded in around 70 years,\u201d he adds. At present, 70 per\u00adcent of the steel pro\u00adduced each year comes from pri\u00adma\u00adry reserves\u2014in oth\u00ader words ore. How\u00adev\u00ader, pro\u00adjec\u00adtions show that the world\u2019s appetite for steel is grow\u00ading steadi\u00adly, which is rapid\u00adly exac\u00ader\u00adbat\u00ading the sit\u00adu\u00ada\u00adtion.<\/p>\n
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LET\u2019S TAKE STEEL AS AN EXAMPLE<\/h2>\n\n
CO2 emis\u00adsions per met\u00adric ton of steel by process step:<\/p>\n
\n
Pre-pro\u00adcess\u00ading of ore (sin\u00adter mate\u00adr\u00adi\u00adal, pel\u00adlets) and coke pro\u00adduc\u00adtion: approx. 1.2 met\u00adric tons<\/li>\n
Iron pro\u00adduc\u00adtion: Reduc\u00adtion of ore (iron oxide) to pig iron using car\u00adbon: approx. 1 met\u00adric ton<\/li>\n
Steel pro\u00adduc\u00adtion from melt\u00ading fur\u00adnaces with oxy\u00adgen injec\u00adtion (main\u00adly from pig iron): approx. 0.8 met\u00adric tons<\/li>\n
Steel pro\u00adduc\u00adtion from elec\u00adtric arc fur\u00adnaces (main\u00adly from scrap met\u00adal): approx. 0.3 met\u00adric tons<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
With regard to the con\ufb02ict caused by the scarci\u00adty of raw mate\u00adri\u00adals and the need for a cli\u00admate-friend\u00adly restruc\u00adtur\u00ading of pro\u00adduc\u00adtion meth\u00adods, Stephan Rupp sug\u00adgests a solu\u00adtion involv\u00ading estab\u00adlish\u00ading mate\u00adr\u00adi\u00adal cycles and simul\u00adta\u00adne\u00adous\u00adly con\u00advert\u00ading pro\u00adduc\u00adtion plants to use larg\u00ader pro\u00adpor\u00adtions of scrap met\u00adal. And all of this must nat\u00adu\u00adral\u00adly include the use of renew\u00adable ener\u00adgies. \u201cTo achieve this goal, more and more con\u00adven\u00adtion\u00adal melt\u00ading fur\u00adnaces will have to be replaced in the future by elec\u00adtric arc fur\u00adnaces that draw elec\u00adtric\u00adi\u00adty from renew\u00adable ener\u00adgy sources,\u201d he explains.<\/p>\n
\u201cDepend\u00ading on the process used, the indus\u00adtry could poten\u00adtial\u00adly save between 40% and 95% of CO2 emis\u00adsions.\u201dDr. Stephan Rupp<\/cite><\/p><\/blockquote>\n
\u201cThe increas\u00ading use of scrap met\u00adal also elim\u00adi\u00adnates a pro\u00adpor\u00adtion of the emis\u00adsions caused by the ener\u00adgy-inten\u00adsive extrac\u00adtion of pig iron from ore. This would mean that this part of the pro\u00adduc\u00adtion chain would already be vir\u00adtu\u00adal\u00adly free of emis\u00adsions. Depend\u00ading on the process used, the indus\u00adtry could poten\u00adtial\u00adly save between 40% and 95% of CO2 emis\u00adsions.\u201d<\/p>\n
CEMENT PRODUCTION<\/h2>\n
Hot on the heels of the steel indus\u00adtry, the con\u00adstruc\u00adtion sec\u00adtor is anoth\u00ader big indus\u00adtri\u00adal con\u00adtrib\u00adu\u00adtor to cli\u00admate change. Glob\u00adal cement pro\u00adduc\u00adtion cur\u00adrent\u00adly amounts to more than 4.6 bil\u00adlion met\u00adric tons per year which releas\u00ades approx\u00adi\u00admate\u00adly three bil\u00adlion met\u00adric tons of CO2. This is equiv\u00ada\u00adlent to around eight per\u00adcent of glob\u00adal emis\u00adsions\u2014 more than the com\u00adbined share caused by air traf- more than the com\u00adbined share caused by air traf more than the com\u00adbined share caused by air traf\ufb01c and data cen\u00adters. To pro\u00adduce cement, lime\u00adstone, sand, and clay are crushed and ground in gigan\u00adtic plants and burned at more than 1,400 degrees.<\/p>\n8 bil\u00adlion met\u00adric tons of CO 2 are emit\u00adted by the three ener\u00adgy-inten\u00adsive process\u00ades of steel, cement, and alu\u00adminum pro\u00adduc\u00adtion.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n
This process pro\u00adduces a lot of CO2, which has a major impact on cli\u00admate change and which could eas\u00adi\u00adly be sig\u00adni\ufb01\u00adcant\u00adly reduced by using renew\u00adable sources of ener\u00adgy. \u201cAdmit\u00adted\u00adly, the major\u00adi\u00adty of the total emis\u00adsions are linked to the cement pro\u00adduc\u00adtion itself: As a raw mate\u00adr\u00adi\u00adal, lime\u00adstone con\u00adtains vast amounts of CO 2 that are released dur\u00ading pro\u00adcess\u00ading. Nev\u00ader\u00adthe\u00adless, this step already improves the industry\u2019s car\u00adbon foot\u00adprint by a quar\u00adter. This foot\u00adprint can be opti\u00admized even fur\u00adther to 0.6 met\u00adric tons of CO2 per ton of cement by imple\u00adment\u00ading new pro\u00adduc\u00adtion meth\u00adods as well as cap\u00adtur\u00ading and stor\u00ading CO2 process emis\u00adsions,\u201d explains Reinhausen\u2019s spe\u00adcial\u00adist Stephan Rupp.<\/p>\n
MORE DYNAMIC GRID FEEDBACK<\/h2>\n
Alu\u00adminum min\u00ading and pro\u00adduc\u00adtion also requires enor\u00admous amounts of ener\u00adgy and is there\u00adfore dam\u00adag\u00ading to the envi\u00adron\u00adment. Only 65 mil\u00adlion met\u00adric tons of this light met\u00adal are pro\u00adduced world\u00adwide in com\u00adpar\u00adi\u00adson to the larg\u00ader quan\u00adti\u00adties of steel and cement. How\u00adev\u00ader, the process con\u00adsumes mas\u00adsive amounts of ener\u00adgy: The alu\u00adminum oxide is mined at great expense and then reduced to alu\u00adminum in alu\u00adminum smelters using an elec\u00adtrol\u00ady\u00adsis process that requires 15,7 MWh of ener\u00adgy per met\u00adric ton.<\/p>\n
The annu\u00adal pro\u00adduc\u00adtion of alu\u00adminum from ore releas\u00ades more than 1.3 bil\u00adlion tons of CO2 per year. This cor\u00adre\u00adsponds to about four per\u00adcent of glob\u00adal CO2 emis\u00adsions today. Poten\u00adtial sav\u00adings could be made here with regard to fuel emis\u00adsions in par\u00adtic\u00adu\u00adlar by using green elec\u00adtric\u00adi\u00adty for elec\u00adtrol\u00ady\u00adsis and by increas\u00ading the pro\u00adpor\u00adtion of scrap met\u00adal in the mate\u00adr\u00adi\u00adal cycle. The lat\u00adter solu\u00adtion proves to be par\u00adtic\u00adu\u00adlar\u00adly worth\u00adwhile, with a whop\u00adping 95 per\u00adcent of emis\u00adsions saved com\u00adpared to smelt\u00ading. In fact, 20 mil\u00adlion met\u00adric tons of alu\u00adminum are already pro\u00adduced from scrap met\u00adal today. What does this devel\u00adop\u00adment mean for our grids?<\/p>\n
\u201cGrid feed\u00adback will increase due to dynam\u00adic and unbal\u00adanced loads. This in turn will increase the demands placed on the indus\u00adtry to build mod\u00adern grid infra\u00adstruc\u00adtures.\u201d Thomas R\u00f6sel\u00ader<\/cite><\/p><\/blockquote>\n
In the indus\u00adtry seg\u00adment as a whole, elec\u00adtri\u00adcal ener\u00adgy cur\u00adrent\u00adly accounts for around 14 per\u00adcent of total ener\u00adgy con\u00adsump\u00adtion. IRENA (Inter\u00adna\u00adtion\u00adal Renew\u00adable Ener\u00adgy Agency) esti\u00admates that this share is expect\u00aded to grow to more than 63 per\u00adcent by 2050 with plants expect\u00aded to gen\u00ader\u00adate about 40 per\u00adcent them\u00adselves (solar, bio\u00admass, process heat), while obtain\u00ading the rest from pow\u00ader grids.<\/p>\n
Thomas R\u00f6sel\u00ader, Head of Inno\u00adva\u00adtion and Projects for a num\u00adber of future grid sta\u00adbi\u00adliza\u00adtion projects at Rein\u00adhausen, reports: \u201cWith their rotat\u00ading gen\u00ader\u00ada\u00adtors, ther\u00admal pow\u00ader plants still play a deci\u00adsive role when it comes to ensur\u00ading sta\u00adble fre\u00adquen\u00adcy qual\u00adi\u00adty and pow\u00ader qual\u00adi\u00adty. How\u00adev\u00ader, these will be con\u00adsid\u00ader\u00adably reduced over the next two decades and replaced by volatile sources. At the same time, grid feed\u00adback will increase due to dynam\u00adic and unbal\u00adanced loads, such as those gen\u00ader\u00adat\u00aded by large con\u00adsumers like elec\u00adtric arc fur\u00adnaces. This in turn will increase the demands placed on the indus\u00adtry to build mod\u00adern grid infra\u00adstruc\u00adtures.\u201d<\/p>\n
SECURING COMPANY GRIDS<\/h2>\n
Accord\u00ading to Thomas R\u00f6sel\u00ader, the change in ener\u00adgy sys\u00adtems is gain\u00ading even more ground among con\u00adsumers: Clas\u00adsic dri\u00adve tech\u00adnolo\u00adgies, for exam\u00adple in min\u00ading or com\u00adpres\u00adsor dri\u00adves for gas liq\u00adue\u00adfac\u00adtion plants (LNG), are being replaced by pow\u00ader elec\u00adtron\u00adic sys\u00adtems with a pow\u00ader range of up to 100MW. And also in this regard, the \ufb02ow of ener\u00adgy is becom\u00ading increas\u00ading\u00adly bidi\u00adrec\u00adtion\u00adal. The future will no longer rely on a sin\u00adgle gen\u00ader\u00ada\u00adtor, but on a mul\u00adti\u00adtude of dis\u00adpersed pro\u00adduc\u00aders, some of which will be oper\u00adat\u00aded by the man\u00adu\u00adfac\u00adtur\u00ading com\u00adpa\u00adnies them\u00adselves. \u201cAll of these changes on both the pro\u00adduc\u00adtion and con\u00adsump\u00adtion sides have an impact on pow\u00ader qual\u00adi\u00adty which needs to be har\u00admo\u00adnized,\u201d under\u00adlines the Head of Inno\u00adva\u00adtion.<\/p>\nBy +450 per\u00adcent, accord\u00ading to IRENA fore\u00adcasts, the share of elec\u00adtri\u00adcal ener\u00adgy in total ener\u00adgy use in the indus\u00adtri\u00adal seg\u00adment is expect\u00aded to increase: of which 40 per\u00adcent self-pro\u00adduced and 60 per\u00adcent from the net\u00adworks.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n
And as Thomas R\u00f6sel\u00ader points out, this needs to start right from the plan\u00adning phase. In addi\u00adtion to knowl\u00adedge about sup\u00adply struc\u00adtures, grid plan\u00adners also require an indepth under\u00adstand\u00ading of the cus\u00adtomer\u2019s tech\u00adnol\u00ado\u00adgy to cre\u00adate cor\u00adre\u00adspond\u00ading infra\u00adstruc\u00adtures and pro\u00advide equip\u00adment. This means that plan\u00adners are often caught between the expec\u00adta\u00adtions of con\u00adsumers (such as steel, cement, or alu\u00adminum and cop\u00adper pro\u00adduc\u00aders) and the require\u00adments of sup\u00adpli\u00aders. \u201cIn the future, plan\u00adners will need a lot of exper\u00adtise in build\u00ading and pro\u00adtect\u00ading com\u00adpa\u00adny grids\u2014depending on the tech\u00adnol\u00ado\u00adgy used by con\u00adsumers \u2014to ensure the con\u00adnec\u00adtion con\u00addi\u00adtions,\u201d explains Thomas R\u00f6sel\u00ader.<\/p>\n
Both sup\u00adply process\u00ades and cus\u00adtomer tech\u00adnolo\u00adgies are plac\u00ading ever high\u00ader demands on pow\u00ader qual\u00adi\u00adty and sup\u00adply reli\u00ada\u00adbil\u00adi\u00adty. For exam\u00adple, it is increas\u00ading\u00adly nec\u00ades\u00adsary to com\u00adpen\u00adsate for reac\u00adtive pow\u00ader and reduce har\u00admon\u00adics in indus\u00adtri\u00adal dis\u00adtri\u00adb\u00adu\u00adtion grids. How\u00adev\u00ader, the MR spe\u00adcial\u00adist goes on to say that indi\u00advid\u00adual solu\u00adtions are also need\u00aded at the medi\u00adum and high-volt\u00adage lev\u00adel, for exam\u00adple to improve the grid sta\u00adbil\u00adi\u00adty at crit\u00adi\u00adcal nodes.<\/p>\n
\u201cTo pre\u00advent volt\u00adage drops and \ufb02uc\u00adtu\u00ada\u00adtions such as \ufb02ick\u00ader, or to pro\u00advide dynam\u00adic reac\u00adtive pow\u00ader, con\u00adsumers will require more tried-and-test\u00aded sys\u00adtems to com\u00adpen\u00adsate for reac\u00adtive pow\u00ader; \ufb01lter cir\u00adcuit sys\u00adtems for har\u00admon\u00adics; and dynam\u00adic reac\u00adtive pow\u00ader com\u00adpen\u00adsa\u00adtion sys\u00adtems to sta\u00adbi\u00adlize the line volt\u00adage. Those are just a few of the chal\u00adlenges fac\u00ading pro\u00adduc\u00aders and grid oper\u00ada\u00adtors down the line.\u201d<\/p>\n
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REINHAUSEN INSIDE<\/h5>\n\n
Solu\u00adtions to improve pow\u00ader qual\u00adi\u00adty and reac\u00adtive pow\u00ader com\u00adpen\u00adsa\u00adtion will be vital in the grids of the future. A cru\u00adcial role is played by fil\u00adter cir\u00adcuit sys\u00adtems for har\u00admon\u00adics as well as by dynam\u00adic reac\u00adtive pow\u00ader com\u00adpen\u00adsa\u00adtion sys\u00adtems to sta\u00adbi\u00adlize the line volt\u00adage.<\/p>\n
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Maschi\u00adnen\u00adfab\u00adrik Rein\u00adhausen has exten\u00adsive exper\u00adtise when it comes to plan\u00adning and sup\u00adply\u00ading suit\u00adable sys\u00adtems that ensure, on the one hand, seam\u00adless pro\u00adduc\u00adtion and, on the oth\u00ader, com\u00adpli\u00adance with the require\u00adments for grid con\u00adnec\u00adtion.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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